Parliamentary Speeches

Mr. Speaker, it is my great honour to present a petition on behalf of the Gwich'in, Na-cho Nyäk Dun, Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in and Inuvialuit peoples. The petition was signed while I was present in the beautiful community of Old Crow, Yukon, during our annual Vadzaih Choo Drin, Big Caribou Days, celebration in May. The essence of this petition is to ensure that the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the place the Gwich'in call Iizhik Gwats’an Gwandaii Goodlit, the sacred place where life begins, calving grounds of the porcupine caribou herd, continues to be protected from oil and gas leasing and development. For generations, the Vuntut Gwitchin have lived alongside and cared for the herd. They understand that protecting the porcupine caribou herd means protecting the heart of who they are as Gwich'in and safeguarding the continued health, culture and sovereignty of their community. At Vadzaih Choo Drin, I heard directly from young people who spoke passionately about what the caribou mean to their future. Their message was simple and powerful: Caribou is life. Allow me to briefly refer to some clauses in the petition. Any oil and gas leasing and development within the refuge represents a direct threat to the health of the herd and the well-being of the Gwich'in and other first nations and Inuvialuit users of the herd. The caribou, along with numerous other migratory bird and fish species within the refuge, are culturally and substantially important to the people of Yukon and Northwest Territories as a whole. The petitioning citizens and residents of Canada call upon the Government of Canada to take all steps necessary to uphold the rights of the Gwich'in, Na-cho Nyäk Dun, Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in and Inuvialuit, and to protect the porcupine caribou herd and its sacred calving grounds from U.S. oil and gas leasing and development, in keeping with Canada's commitments under international and Canadian law and the will of the Yukon people.

Mr. Speaker, the Yukon has recently lost a treasure in the beloved and historic Westminster Hotel. I caught a last glimpse of this famous establishment, affectionately known as “The Pit”, while attending Dawson City's Gold Show just a couple of weeks ago. Though closed after flooding during December's deep freeze, the hotel still glowed with rose-coloured pride in the evening light of Dawson's early summer. Sadly, it was just the next morning that we watched this storied pink dame of Dawson give way to a fatal fire. Built during the gold rush in 1898, The Pit weathered repeated challenges from permafrost thaw, as it witnessed over a century of Dawson's countless colourful chapters, earning its reputation as Dawson's shared living room, informal post office and obligatory gathering place. My mind floods with memories soaked in the cheeky artwork of Halin de Repentigny, and I still hear the echoes of music of all brands, festive seasonal celebrations and the quiet murmur of chatting locals. An era has ended. I bid farewell to The Pit and give a fond nostalgic embrace to all in Dawson City.

Madam Speaker, I thank the member for Elgin—St. Thomas—London South for speaking not only on behalf of his constituents but for all Canadians who are facing an affordability crisis. We are all seized with meeting Canadians where they are through this affordability crisis, while working on building the country up. Canadians are facing heightened affordability pressures from sources beyond our control, so it is more important that we find opportunities for improvement within our control. We know that Canadians are feeling the pressures of everyday expenses right now, especially when it comes to the cost of fuel. As a northerner, I know how much everything depends on the price of fuel. Canadians and consumers around the world are facing higher prices at the pump, creating uncertainty and pressure on household finances. That is why, on April 14, the Prime Minister announced a temporary suspension of the federal fuel excise tax on gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels across Canada. This suspension started April 20 and will remain in effect right up until Labour Day. This is expected to reduce Canadians' bills at the pump by up to 10¢ per litre on gasoline. Combined with our elimination of the consumer carbon tax, that amounts to 28¢ per litre. That is real and tangible, and it is in addition to the other measures we put in place to support Canadians. We introduced the Canada groceries and essentials benefit to make everyday essentials such groceries more affordable. This measure builds on the GST credit and will provide additional support for more than 12 million Canadians. It will start with a one-time top-up this Friday, in just four days. Combined with a 25% increase in the benefit for five years as of next month, a family of four will receive up to $1,890 this year, and a single person will receive up to $950 in 2026. We also know that a big part of taking things into our own hands is making life more affordable for Canadians. That is why Bill C-30 is proposing to extend the grace period, during which homeowners are not required to start repaying their homebuyers plan withdrawals from their RRSP, from two years to five years for participants making a first withdrawal between January 1, 2026 and December 31, 2028. The homebuyers plan helps eligible homebuyers save for a down payment by allowing them to withdraw up to $60,000 from an RRSP to purchase or build their first home or a home for a specified disabled person without having to pay tax on the withdrawal. This extended grace period already applies to withdrawals made between 2022 and 2025, and it provides relief of up to $4,000 per individual per year for the three years over which they are not required to repay the amount into their RRSP. Everyone deserves a roof over their head. That is why our government is taking action to put housing and home ownership within reach of Canadians. That is in addition to all the other measures. Just the other week, in the Yukon, I was able to put some of this commitment into action with an announcement with the Minister of Housing and Infrastructure of $100 million toward housing, $82 million into infrastructure and $75 million into health infrastructure. This is about building north and building Canada strong.

Madam Speaker, I certainly appreciate the point of view the member brings up and the recognition that in these highly unusual times and in the midst of an affordability crisis, we have to adjust to meet Canadians where they are. The measures in the recent spring economic update are part of those next steps in our plan to build a stronger, more independent and resilient Canada for all. It advances our progress of building more affordable homes and the major infrastructure that needs to go with this. It helps businesses seize new opportunities and gives families the confidence to plan for their future. It builds a Canada that is not just strong but good, and not just prosperous but fair.

Madam Speaker, I want to, first of all, thank the member for Cloverdale—Langley City for her dedication to workers in her riding. I can assure her that the Government of Canada is dedicated to building a robust and inclusive workforce that supports all Canadians. These are serious and challenging times, and they must be met with a disciplined focus to help our country meet today's challenges. It is here that I would like to highlight the Government of Canada's labour market development agreements and workforce development agreements. Together, these agreements provide $2.9 billion annually in training and employment assistance services delivered through provincial and territorial employment assistance offices. These will help hundreds of thousands of Canadians upgrade their skills and find employment. In addition, new EI applicants are referred to local employment offices for customized training and employment services. This is informed by career development officers who have real-time labour market information and knowledge of local employment opportunities. However, more is needed to help Canadian workers who are affected by U.S. tariffs and global market shifts. That is why we are providing a further $570 million to the labour market development agreements to assist steel and softwood lumber workers and workers from other tariff-impacted industries. This support will be delivered through provincial and territorial networks until 2027‑28. For example, we have recently introduced $70.4 million in federal funding in the member opposite's home province under the new Canada-British Columbia workforce tariff response. It is a three-year commitment that is expected to help more than 8,000 people across the province. This is in addition to the nearly $400 million we spend each year supporting employment programs in British Columbia. Tariffs have created stress and uncertainty for workers, employers and communities across Canada, and that is why we are working closely with governments at all levels to strengthen local economies and protect workers' jobs. I can assure everyone that our elbows are up. Times are tough, but we have a plan, and we are working together to keep our elbows up to continue supporting our economy and building Canada strong. We know that our workers are at the heart of Canada's economic strength. We are investing heavily in our people to develop greater economic resilience in all sectors. It is no secret that tariffs have hit the steel, automotive and softwood lumber sectors the hardest. That is why we are focusing on building an economy that is not reliant on one single partner. We are building a resilient economy that will help create new job opportunities for Canadian workers, an economy that remains focused on improving the outlook for Canadian workers to help them find and keep good jobs here at home. Helping Canadian workers is our top priority. That is why our spring economic update recently announced $6 billion focused on helping workers and young people gain the skills, experience and support they need to thrive. Canada is building big and bold. We have a plan to build no fewer than 500,000 homes each year, and it is called team Canada strong. It is a cornerstone of our spring economic update. It is a plan to recruit, train and hire up to 100,000 new Red Seal trades workers in the next five years, a plan that will make it easier for apprentices to learn, train and access meaningful careers. We know there is more work to do to support Canadians, but I can assure everyone that we will always be there to support Canadian employers, workers and families.

Madam Speaker, Canada's labour market is experiencing unprecedented pressure from tariffs, skill shortages, supply chain disruptions and broader economic shifts, so it has never been more important for government and industry to come together to strengthen our economy. That is why the Government of Canada has created workforce alliances to help Canadian workers weather this tariff storm. They focus on six priority areas: housing and construction, transportation and supply chains, advanced manufacturing, the care economy, mining and minerals, and energy and electricity. Each one is key to ensuring Canada's economic growth. Together, they will keep Canada's workforce strategy grounded in the real needs of the country. Our workforce alliances are unified by one core mission, and that is to create lasting job opportunities for Canada's workers where they are needed most.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the member for South Shore—St. Margarets for her leadership and incredible advocacy, not just for her riding but for all of rural Canada. Canada's security and prosperity are rooted in the north, and the Yukon is central to how Canada builds and defends the north. Last week, the Minister of Housing and Infrastructure and I were in the territory to announce investments of over $150 million in health and community infrastructure, as well as $100 million to deliver affordable homes through Build Canada Homes. From Nova Scotia to the Yukon, we are ensuring that Canadians have the tools, the power and the housing to drive our own future.

Mr. Speaker, in the 2026 spring economic update, we celebrate a vision of a more inclusive future. Our “Canada Strong for All” plan reflects sound fiscal management while making responsible investments in Canadian families. Let me highlight just a few features members may have missed. The playground to podium initiative invests over $700 million in sports development and infrastructure so our youth can thrive. We are building for the long term with the new Canada Strong fund, ensuring our technological and energy sovereignty. Team Canada strong will empower 100,000 new Red Seal workers to build the housing and infrastructure our country needs. We are simplifying the disability tax credit to ensure that Canadians can access their benefits with efficiency and dignity. Canada strong for all delivers growth people can count on. Together, we are building a resilient, ambitious and truly strong nation for all.

Mr. Speaker, it is a well-known fact that when someone visits the Yukon, they will come back. In fact, they may never leave. There are raw adventures, like the gruelling Arctic Ultra in 40 below, or the luxury of viewing northern lights from a fire-warmed cabin. We have it all, and we have it for anyone: hot springs, dog-sledding, kayaking, hiking, or paddling downriver to Dawson City to take in the show at Diamond Tooth Gerties after a soak in the spa. Sharing this extraordinary scenery, culture and community with the world is an important part of our local economy. Tourism represents close to 5% of the territory's GDP, and the industry is still growing. I am proud of the investments our government has made toward Yukon tourism, including funding for Josie's Old Crow Adventures, alpine glamping, wellness on the land, the MacBride Museum and many more. On this final day of National Tourism Week, led by the Tourism Industry Association of Canada, I salute and thank the operators, guides, entrepreneurs, artists and community leaders who make every visit to the Yukon an unforgettable experience.

Mr. Speaker, let me be clear. We disagree with the B.C. Supreme Court's ruling. That is why we appealed it back in September. As a government, we always prefer to negotiate instead of going to court. I can tell members that in all of our negotiations, dating back to 1970, no agreement between the federal government and first nations has ever led to Canadians losing their privately owned land, not a single one. All discussions of aboriginal title at the federal level exclude private property. No modern treaty, negotiated agreement or federal approach has led to people losing privately owned land.

Mr. Speaker, it is my honour today to rise and table a petition initiated by a constituent of my riding in the Yukon. It calls on the House of Commons and the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship to take measures to address prolonged screening delays faced by permanent residency applicants. This petition reflects the lived experiences and concerns of many individuals navigating these processes. I would like to thank Zahra and Seyedsaber Kazemi who initiated this petition, as well as signatories for the hard work and advocacy put into this cause.

Mr. Speaker, I would like to present a petition from my constituents on international debt relief. This petition is part of a national campaign from 60,000 Canadians. It is called Turn Debt Into Hope, where petitioners, as part of the Jubilee 2025, have called on public, private and multilateral creditors, along with political leaders, to stop the debt crisis by cancelling and remedying unjust and unsustainable debts without economic policy conditions; to prevent debt crises from happening again by addressing their root causes and reforming the global financial system to prioritize people and planet; and to establish a permanent, transparent, binding and comprehensive debt framework within the United Nations.

Mr. Speaker, before I begin, I want to acknowledge, with respect, that we are gathered on the ancestral lands of the Algonquin Anishinabe people. These territories are unceded and unsurrendered, and they have been places of meeting and exchange for centuries. I recognize that Parliament itself has long been a place where relationships are negotiated, challenged and renewed. It is particularly timely to reflect on this history today, as we consider a bill that directly addresses how Canada fulfills its treaty obligations and honours its commitments to indigenous peoples. I rise today to speak in support of Bill C-10, an act that would create a commissioner for modern treaty implementation. The path toward reconciliation has never been simple. That said, treaties, both historic and modern, have shaped and will continue to shape the relationship between the Crown and indigenous peoples, and as such are vital to reconciliation efforts. Modern treaties in particular are essential to this work. These constitutional agreements emerged in the 1970s as Canada sought to address unresolved land claims through negotiated agreements rather than prolonged litigation. I want to acknowledge the member for Skeena—Bulkley Valley, who comes from the great region of the Nisg̱a'a, who were among the early signers of a modern treaty. Many Yukon first nations were also at the forefront of the push for modern treaties. ln 1973, Elijah Smith and a delegation of Yukon chiefs went to Ottawa to meet with the Prime Minister of Canada to present the historic document “Together Today for our Children Tomorrow”. This document was among the first land claim proposals to be accepted by the Government of Canada under its new comprehensive land claims policy, and the negotiation of modern treaties in the Yukon began shortly thereafter. These agreements aim to provide legal clarity and certainty by clearly defining rights, obligations and governance arrangements. They were designed not only to address past grievances, but also to establish sustainable frameworks for the future. Bill C-10 is a priority for modern treaty nations across Canada. At present there are 27 self-governing nations operating under modern treaties. In the Yukon today, 11 out of 14 first nations are governed by such agreements. Taken together, these agreements cover a significant portion of Canada's land and sea mass, particularly in the north. They involve thousands of specific obligations and engage more than 30 federal departments and agencies. This scale and this complexity make effective implementation essential. They also make coordination challenging. The Yukon stands as a strong example of what modern treaties can achieve. Yukon first nations exercise law-making authority, manage lands and resources and deliver programs and services in accordance with their agreements. At the same time, the Yukon's experience demonstrates a clear lesson. Even well-designed treaties require consistent and coordinated federal follow-through if they are able to fully achieve their intent. Implementation is not automatic. It requires sustained attention, institutional knowledge and accountability over time. This is the context in which Bill C‑10 must be understood. This legislation is timely. It builds on previous efforts and goes further than previous proposals. It represents a concrete step forward on the path to reconciliation. Bill C‑10 was thoroughly studied by the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs, of which I am a member. The committee heard testimony from 27 witnesses representing self-governing first nations from across Canada. After clause-by-clause consideration of the bill, the committee reported the bill back to the House without amendment so far. That report was unanimous. This outcome speaks to the strength and consistency of the evidence heard at committee. Witnesses from across the country spoke clearly about the need for an independent body dedicated to modern treaty implementation. They emphasized that existing mechanisms have not been sufficient to address systemic and recurring challenges. I found the testimony of Grand Chief Math'ieya Alatini of the Council of Yukon First Nations particularly compelling. Yukon first nations were, again, among the earliest modern treaty partners in Canada, and their experience offers important insight. The grand chief explained that although modern treaties clearly define obligations, the absence of an independent body to track progress has allowed unresolved issues to persist for long periods. Treaty nations are often required to raise the same concerns repeatedly, with limited resolution. The grand chief emphasized that the proposed commissioner would not reopen agreements or disrupt existing processes. Rather, the office would elevate unresolved implementation issues, provide objective assessment and help restore momentum when progress has stalled. A witness from the Naskapi Nation of Quebec stressed the importance of the evolution of modern treaties, especially given the evolution of federal government policies and the economic and social development of the communities involved. She said that although the implementation of a treaty signed in the 1970s may now be effectively completed, it is still essential to review that implementation today and to revisit the spirit of the treaty, as well as the context in which it was signed. She emphasized that a commissioner of modern treaties would have an essential role in this work to ensure that these agreements continue to address current realities while honouring the commitments and intentions on which they were based. Opposition members have raised thoughtful questions during the committee study, including whether a new commissioner was necessary and whether the Office of the Auditor General could fulfill this role. Witnesses addressed these questions directly. They explained that while the Auditor General has strong investigatory powers, their work necessarily spans the entire federal government. Reviews of modern treaty implementation have therefore been broad and episodic. Modern treaty implementation, by contrast, requires continuous attention, subject matter expertise and institutional memory. A dedicated commissioner would complement existing oversight bodies rather than duplicate them, by bringing continuous attention and institutional memory to this work. In the end, the bill was referred back to the House. Witness testimony helped to allay some concerns and highlighted the need for this legislation. Modern treaty partners across Canada are calling for practical measures. They are not asking for new promises. They are calling for the faithful implementation of agreements that have already been reached. We have listened and now we must act. This bill has been years in the making. Passing it now will ensure that arguments already made are honoured in practice and would mark another meaningful step forward on the path of reconciliation. Meegwetch.

Mr. Speaker, I do want to make a distinction between a contract and a treaty. In particular, a modern treaty is a profoundly deep agreement that is often the work of years, if not decades, of putting together the right framework that is suited to that first nation and workable within the Government of Canada. Again, there have been frustrations over the years in implementing these treaties, but on the other hand, we have seen incredible progress. I do think that, again, I am speaking on behalf of these modern treaty nations that are asking for an independent commissioner to ensure that the spirit and the commitments of modern treaties are met by Canada.

Mr. Speaker, I would like to thank my colleague from the Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs for her commitment to this bill. I know that my colleague had a lot to say during her speech. I would like to invite her to talk a bit more about some of the testimony we heard in committee, particularly from the members of first nations in Quebec, about the impact of modern treaties and the frustrations that stem from the lack of commitment to modern treaties.

Mr. Speaker, based on the testimony and her experience through this process, how does the parliamentary secretary distinguish the role of an independent modern treaty commissioner versus that of the Auditor General? Certainly the most frequent objection that we hear from members of the opposition party is that the bill would just be adding another layer of bureaucracy, so I think it would be helpful to make that distinction.

Mr. Speaker, I send my congratulations to Yukoners Dr. Alex Poole and Ms. Josianne Gauthier, who recently received the Governor General's Meritorious Service Medal in recognition of their groundbreaking work on the treatment of severe frostbite. It comes as no surprise that frostbite is one of the risks of living in the north. As a doctor, I have seen many cases of it. I remember my colleagues' frequent updates on how they were researching and piloting a drug called Iloprost, and they ultimately developed a protocol that can dramatically reduce tissue injuries and amputations from frostbite. This prestigious award for meritorious service recognizes their outstanding professionalism and innovative spirit. As Dr. Poole said, people in a small northern place figured out a problem after scouring the planet for solutions. A local change in practice has now been adopted around the world. I send my congratulations to these two remarkable Yukon practitioners for showing the spirit of northern innovation, research and medical care. I ask members to remember that time is tissue. They can visit frostbitecare.ca to learn what we can do to recognize and treat frostbite.

Mr. Speaker, members must check out season two of Northern Tails on YouTube, a televised puppet show that is Yukon-created and Yukon-produced, which premiered last week in Whitehorse. This season, the squirrels are definitely in charge of production. Ground squirrel Scout Perry and roving reporter Michael Jay the fox are helping kids find science on the screen and, in fact, everywhere they go outside. Discovery is in the magic of the bog, the tiny, windblown lives of mosquitoes or the peregrinations of the mighty caribou. This boreal puppet mockumentary, produced by Shot in the Dark Productions, is silly enough for kids, but approved for adults. I thank creators Kelly Milner and her late father Bob Hayes for proving that high-quality, northern-made stories can reach audiences far beyond the Yukon. As we learn with the puppets how local species are adapting to new climate realities, let us carry that spirit of curiosity and stewardship with us. I thank its creators for supporting the stories that teach us all how to better citizens of the wild.

Mr. Speaker, the countdown is on. In just over a week, the Arctic Winter Games are returning to Whitehorse. For over 50 years, this event has been the premier athletic stage for circumpolar youth. With over 4,000 athletes, coaches, support staff and volunteers already gearing up, the Yukon is set to continue this proud legacy. The games are not just about medals. They are about competing together, trading pins and gear and showcasing northern grit. In Arctic sports, athletes will test their limits in traditional events like the one-foot high kick and the knuckle hop, feats of incredible endurance passed down through generations. Also, do not miss the cultural gala. Here, youth from Nunavut to Alaska to Sápmi will share performances from traditional drumming and throat singing to modern dance. Whether on wrestling mats or on the gala stage, our young ambassadors will proudly show off the north. I invite members of the House to join me in cheering on what promises to be a fantastic Arctic Winter Games and in thanking all the volunteers and organizers who are showing the world what we are made of. Go, team Yukon, go!

Mr. Speaker, dance, dansez, dance is the spirit of the upcoming 13th annual Yukon African Music Festival. Who would have believed, in the cold, dark days of early February, that Yukon's wonderful African community would bring light, music, dance and pure joy to chase away the winter blues? As we observe International Development Week and Black History Month, the Yukon African Music Festival, organized by Yukon's TELIYA International Society, highlights the rich variety of African culture. Award-winning artists from around the globe will be on stage or showcasing their work, bringing Yukoners of all backgrounds together in honour of African heritage. Beyond dancing and music, TELIYA is offering workshops and events about Black history, African culture, social change, leadership, music and youth empowerment. I ask members to join me in congratulating Leonard Boniface and the board of volunteers with Yukon's TELIYA International Society for putting together yet another amazing event. Asante sana. I will see members on the dance floor.

Mr. Speaker, I will be sharing my time with the member for Pickering—Brooklin. I am thankful for this opportunity. Affordability in Canada is a challenge that Canadians face on a daily basis. In the north, daily costs like food, fuel, housing and transportation are all higher, so any effort to improve the lives of Canadians is particularly important for northern residents. That is why I am pleased to participate in this debate today following the tabling of Bill C-19, the Canada groceries and essentials benefit act. When I am home and I go run errands, it is a great opportunity to chat with voters and support local businesses, but also to see first-hand the constant rise in food prices. I am lucky in that I can buy what I need, but I know that it is getting harder and harder for many Canadians to buy all the groceries they need for their families. Whether we are talking about fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs or fish, everything is a bit more expensive now. In recent years, many Canadians have been feeling the pinch of rising costs, and our government is committed to continuing to find ways to help those who need it most. We are focused on making Canada stronger. We continue to support Canadians through the programs they rely on, such as affordable child care, the Canada child benefit and the Canadian dental care plan. In addition, we are building housing and infrastructure at a pace never seen before. However, while we wait to see the long-term benefits of these investments in Canada, our government needs to give Canadians a helping hand to make ends meet. That is the purpose of these new measures, including the Canada groceries and essentials benefit, which will help Canadians cope with rising costs. We are stronger when we take care of each other and ensure that everyone has the opportunity to succeed. That is why we are moving forward with actions to make life more affordable for Canadians. With the new Canada groceries and essentials benefit, our government is going to put more money back into Canadians' pockets. This past weekend, I was talking with constituents. Many have taken notice of this new benefit and how it will help Canadians who are bearing the highest burden of the affordability crisis that we are in. I know that this measure will greatly help many people in my riding, especially seniors and families. As the Prime Minister announced last week, the Canada groceries and essentials benefit will replace what was formerly known as the goods and services tax credit, and it will be more generous. The amounts paid will increase by 25% for five years, beginning in July 2026, and we will index this benefit to inflation, so payments go up every year to match future increases in the consumer price index. Notably for the short term, we are also providing a one-time payment equivalent to a 50% increase this year. What does that mean exactly for Canadians? It means a family of four will receive up to $1,890 this year and about $1,400 a year for the next four years. For a single person, that person will receive up to $950 this year and about $700 a year for the next four years. I am pleased to say that the new Canada groceries and essentials benefit will provide additional significant support for more than 12 million Canadians. It is a measure to truly support Canadians who need it the most. That is why Food Banks Canada recommended we support Canadians in this way. Many Canadians will be able to afford nutritious food to feed their families thanks to this new benefit. I will therefore encourage my colleagues to support Bill C-19, so we can roll it out as soon as possible. After the one-time payment is made this spring, eligible families and individuals will receive the enriched regular payments under the Canada groceries and essentials benefit as of July 2026. The benefit will be paid quarterly, at the start of the quarter, to permit timely access to the funds to help families with day-to-day expenses. This new benefit is an important step forward to support Canadians, but we are also moving forward with other important measures. Again, Yukoners have taken note of this. For example, the government is setting aside $500 million from the strategic response fund to help businesses address the costs of supply chain disruptions without passing those costs on to Canadians at the checkout line. For the same reason, the government is creating a $150-million food security fund under the regional tariff response initiative for small and medium enterprises and the organizations that support them. Our government is also introducing immediate expensing for greenhouse buildings. Thanks to this measure, producers will be able to fully write off greenhouses acquired on or after November 4, 2025, and that become available for use before 2030. This measure supports increased domestic supply and investment in food production over the medium term. Our government is also aware that food banks across the country are under pressure, as many Canadians need support. That is why we are investing $20 million in the local food infrastructure fund. This measure supports food banks and other national, regional, and local organizations to deliver more nutritious food to families in need. However, I want to point out that our government understands that long-term solutions are needed to address food insecurity. Now more than ever, we need to tackle the root causes of food insecurity. That is why we are developing a national food security strategy. This new strategy will strengthen domestic food production and improve access to affordable, nutritious food. There will also be measures to implement unit price labelling and support the work of the Competition Bureau in monitoring and enforcing competition in the market, including food supply chains. Our government is focused on building a stronger economy to create more career opportunities and higher wages. In parallel, we are introducing measures, like the one I just discussed, to bring down costs and make life more affordable in communities across the country. By doing so, we will empower more Canadians with greater certainty, security and prosperity. We have already moved forward with many measures to make life more affordable. For example, we have made the national school food program permanent, providing school meals for up to 400,000 children each year and saving participating families with two children in school an estimated $800 annually on groceries. We have also cut taxes for 22 million middle-class Canadians by lowering the first marginal personal income tax rate from 15% to 14% as of July 1, 2025. With this tax cut, we are providing relief of up to $420 a year per person or up to $840 a year for two-income families. The government also cancelled the consumer carbon price, effective April 1, 2025, directly helping most Canadians save money at the pump. Our government recognizes that many Canadians who are under pressure because of the cost of living need immediate support. That is why we are providing them with rapid support through Bill C‑19, which will implement the new Canada groceries and essentials benefit. This new benefit will provide significant and immediate support to Canadians who need it most, while the government puts its plan to build the strongest economy in the G7 in motion. This benefit would help many Canadians put food on the table and help them make ends meet; therefore, I encourage all my colleagues to support Bill C-19.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the member opposite for her frequent visits to the north and for her advocacy for the north. However, that is where we will have to part ways. What the member points out is a perceived link between industrial carbon pricing and food prices, which actually does not exist. We are looking forward to building a modern economy, and part of that is sticking with progressive policies. We are looking forward to examining where we can find the true root causes and how we can increase our food sovereignty and food autonomy as a nation looking forward.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague for drawing that parallel with band-aids and health measures. This measure is a very important solution for the coming years, because it will work like a bridge. With all the other measures we are putting in place to strengthen Canadian sovereignty and the economy, we anticipate that things will be easier for everyone in a few years. The important part for me is that there are targeted actions for the coming years.

Mr. Speaker, this fall season brings fresh momentum, new opportunities and renewed energy to the Yukon. Just last week at Yukon's annual Geoscience meeting, the mood in the room could not have been more positive. Members may ask why. It is because budget 2025 is replete with investments in the north, like the $1-billion Arctic infrastructure fund, the $2-billion critical mineral sovereign fund and the expanded critical mineral exploration tax credit. Add to those our government's ambitious Build Canada Homes to ensure that northerners have access to homes they can afford, and so much more. With the recent referral of the Yukon-B.C. grid connect to the Major Projects Office, we are also setting the stage for the longer term. We know how important clean power is to realize the full potential of Canada's northwest, including the Yukon. Before closing, I send congratulations to newly elected premier, Currie Dixon, and his cabinet staff, who were just sworn in on Saturday. I know we will all be working together on priorities and opportunities for the Yukon. Let us keep Yukon strong and Canada strong.

Mr. Speaker, I am thankful for the opportunity to rise today to speak to the 2025 budget implementation act. It is no secret that we are facing a rapidly changing and increasingly uncertain world. In the face of global disruption and uncertainty, Canada's new government is focused on what we can control. This is our plan to transform our economy from one that is reliant on a single trade partner to one that is stronger, more self-sufficient and more resilient to global shocks. This is a time to invest, especially in the north. Our plan builds on our strengths and delivers investments to build, protect and empower Canada. When I was at home in the Yukon last week, I heard from many people what this budget means for them. We see the north reflected in it, from investments in housing, infrastructure and health care to defending and securing the Arctic and to the critical minerals that will power Canada's clean economy. When we invest in the north, we strengthen all of Canada. Budget 2025 delivers a bold plan to tackle Canada's housing challenges and strengthen Canada's communities across the country. At the heart of this plan is Build Canada Homes to build affordable housing at scale and to catalyze a new housing industry. We will leverage public lands, offer flexible financial incentives, attract private capital and support manufacturers to deliver. Included in the budget, importantly, is $2.8 billion for urban, rural and northern indigenous housing. Here we will work with first nations, Inuit and Métis partners to ensure rapid and effective delivery and to coordinate a cross-government indigenous housing strategy. We will also launch the build community strong fund, with $51 billion to support housing-enabled infrastructure, health facilities and community projects. This fund will include a community stream, a direct delivery stream to address climate adaptation, and a provincial and territorial stream for housing, health and education infrastructure. The budget details the critical minerals sovereign fund, which will make strategic investments in critical minerals projects and companies, including equity investments, loan guarantees and offtake agreements. The budget also allows for additional critical minerals to be eligible for the critical mineral exploration tax credit through an expansion of the program. Budget 2025 also introduces the first and last mile fund to support critical minerals projects and supply chains. This fund will incorporate the critical minerals infrastructure fund with the goal of getting near-term critical mineral projects into production and supporting the necessary clean energy and transportation infrastructure. I was at the Geoscience forum in the Yukon last week. The buzz at the conference was palpable, with positive news both from these budget features and from confidence in the Yukon's energy future expressed by referring the Yukon grid intertie project to the Major Projects Office. I believe at this time, as the mining industry continues to mature and grow, and as an unstable world demands ethical and responsible sources of minerals, that we will have a story to tell in the Yukon, and a rich, productive and sustainable future in this sector. Many people across the country know too well that our health care challenges are especially acute in the north, and I was proud to see a comprehensive assessment of health care and health care infrastructure needs in northern and Arctic communities. The goal is clear: Identify innovative ways to increase access to care and reduce costly medical travel, working in partnership with the north. This is in addition to the $5 billion dedicated to the new health infrastructure fund. This will help provinces and territories modernize hospitals and health facilities, a need we know is deeply felt across the country, especially in our communities in the north. Health agreements with provinces and territories will remain strong, with a focus on home and community care, as well as on mental health and addiction services. To strengthen our health workforce, budget 2025 introduces a foreign credential recognition action fund, with $97 million in new support. This will help internationally trained professionals put their skills to work faster, especially in health care, where every qualified worker makes a difference. To support people already working on the front lines, we are proposing a temporary personal support workers tax credit, providing up to $1,100 per year for eligible workers. Health care also depends on innovation, and we are setting new targets at 2% growth for Canada's research councils: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. These investments safeguard the councils' vital role in driving discovery, improving competitiveness and building the economy of the future. We are also launching the international talent attraction strategy to bring top-tier researchers to Canadian universities. Build Canada strong is the right theme for our times. I say this because our new government is focused on exactly that: building Canada, community by community and family by family. This means investments we can feel in our daily lives: affordable housing, skilled trades training, and programs like the Canada strong pass. These measures are not abstract; they are about giving Canadians confidence in their future and pride in their country. Budget 2025 invests $1.5 billion to help young Canadians find and keep jobs, including expanding Canada summer jobs and strengthening the youth employment and skills strategy, as well as launching a new youth climate corps to train young people for paid roles in climate resilience and emergency response. Budget 2025 lowers barriers for Canadians through a supplemental Canada disability benefit, and we are providing $660.5 million over five years in ongoing funding for the Department for Women and Gender Equality, ensuring sustained progress toward equality and safety for women, girls and 2SLGBTQI+ people. Budget 2025 also protects consumers. We will publish draft regulations by spring 2026 to prohibit investment and registered account transfer fees currently costing Canadians about $150 per account. We will require timely transfers and clear information for consumers, explore improving transparency on cross-border transfer fees and foreign exchange costs, and work with banks to simplify switching primary chequing accounts. The Financial Consumer Agency of Canada has been asked to report on the structure and transparency of bank fees. We are also strengthening Canadian culture and connectivity. Budget 2025 provides $150 million to CBC/Radio-Canada to reinforce its mandate to serve Canadians and reflect their needs. We will explore modernizing its mandate to strengthen independence, and we are working with CBC/Radio-Canada on new opportunities. In addition, to make life more affordable and connected, budget 2025 renews the Canada strong pass with $116.3 million over two years, covering reduced-cost travel for the holiday season and summer 2026 through partners like Via Rail. Finally, we are investing in communities and equality. Budget 2025 launches the build communities strong fund, with $51 billion over 10 years plus $3 billion per year ongoing to support local infrastructure projects that help communities grow and thrive. We are also providing $660 million in ongoing funding for the Department of Women and Gender Equality, as I mentioned. Canada's security begins in the north. Budget 2025 makes the largest defence investment in a generation, because sovereignty is not optional. We are strengthening our Arctic capabilities and making sure our armed forces have the right tools, training and support they need. Defence spending is not just about protection; it is all about partnership, jobs and innovation that benefit the north as well as all of Canada. Budget 2025 commits $81.8 billion over five years to give the Canadian Armed Forces the tools and support it needs to meet today's threats. This includes $20.4 billion to recruit and retain a strong fighting force with generational pay raises and improved health care, $19 billion to repair and sustain capabilities and invest in defence infrastructure, and $17.9 billion to expand Canada's military capabilities. However, these investments are not just about defence; they are also about building infrastructure that serves Canadians. Ports, airstrips and all-season roads in the north will have dual-use benefits, strengthening sovereignty while connecting communities and supporting economic growth. We are also investing $6.6 billion to strengthen Canada's defence industry through a new defence industrial strategy. Budget 2025 protects our fiscal strength while investing in housing, health care and infrastructure that Yukoners need. It builds opportunity by supporting indigenous housing, expanding Arctic transportation and strengthening the foundation of northern communities. It also empowers the Yukon to lead, recognizing that the north is not on the margins of Canada's story but at the heart of it.

Mr. Speaker, that is a really important question. I could point out multiple projects, but I think that one of the key aspects is that when we are investing in infrastructure and when we are talking about national building, major projects and projects of national interest, it is all about cultivating indigenous partnership and making sure that we are working in lockstep with indigenous governments, indigenous leaders and indigenous communities.

Mr. Speaker, this is an important question. There are so many examples of how important the investments in the budget are for the Yukon. Let me point out just one example. It is the $1-billion Arctic infrastructure fund. It is about building and expanding transportation assets in the Arctic. It is about airstrips. It is about deepwater ports, all-season roads and sealift infrastructure that would support both civilian and defence purposes. This is all about investing in infrastructure and investing in productivity. I cannot tell members how pleased people are in my riding and the entire Yukon to see this commitment to innovation, productivity, infrastructure and, going forward, building Canada and the north strong.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the member for Courtenay—Alberni, who is a dear colleague of mine and a good friend. We have worked together on many issues we have in common. I take note of the issue he raised. I know that friendship centres are also incredibly important in my riding. I will certainly commit to finding out more about this funding and how we can go forward to resolve this problem, ensuring that services and resources for the needs of the indigenous people in my riding are honoured.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the member for Nunavut for raising serious concerns about funding for Inuit programs and the capacity of hunters and trappers organizations to participate in environmental assessments. She provides continued and very important advocacy for Nunavut. These are valid concerns, and they deserve a clear response. Article 5.7 of the Nunavut agreement sets out the special features of Inuit harvesting rights. It establishes hunters and trappers organizations in every community and regional wildlife organizations to manage quotas, regulate harvesting and represent Inuit interests in wildlife management. These bodies are not optional. They are treaty obligations and core institutions under the agreement. Again, I thank the member for Nunavut for raising these concerns. For years, organizations in Nunavut have not received sufficient funding, and recent years have seen increased costs. Canada funds the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, which, in turn, supports these organizations. This is a legal obligation. These organizations are expected to participate in environmental assessments, manage wildlife sustainably and uphold Inuit harvesting rights. Until recently, funding for these organizations was limited. In March 2025, the Government of Canada signed a renewed Nunavut agreement implementation contract with Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated and the Government of Nunavut for 2024 to 2034. This contract provides $1.5 billion from 2024 to 2034, plus $77.6 million annually thereafter, to support NTI, the Government of Nunavut and five institutions of public government, including 27 hunters and trappers organizations and three regional wildlife organizations. This funding will strengthen their capacity to participate in environmental reviews and manage wildlife effectively. In 2024-25, the Government of Canada provided a renewed base annual budget of more than $7.5 million for the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, $7.1 million for the regional wildlife organizations and $14 million for the hunters and trappers organizations. Funding is also adjusted annually for inflation. Special attention was paid in the renewal to make sure that these bodies would be sufficiently resourced to carry out their mandate under the Nunavut agreement. This renewed funding base approximately represents a 39% increase for the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board and a 169% increase for the regional wildlife organizations and hunters and trappers organizations. This, I believe, is significant. Before closing, I would like to take a moment to highlight a few other budget 2025 items that are good news for northerners. Many major projects today include indigenous and territorial governments, northern communities, financial institutions and development corporations in designing, financing and leading. That is reconciliation in action. Our goal is to make certain that federal tools, financing and regulatory systems support indigenous communities in their involvement. I will briefly mention the $1-billion Arctic infrastructure fund, to be funded over four years to support economic development and job creation in northern communities while protecting Canada's sovereignty. In addition to protecting and advancing the interests of Canada and Inuit in Nunavut, we are proposing to amend the Territorial Lands Act to support responsible and respectable stewardship of Crown land in Nunavut. I will briefly mention the commitment to Inuit Nunangat University as well. These are just a few measures.

Mr. Speaker, I thank the member again for her concerns about Inuit programs and hunters and trappers organizations, and for meeting directly with these organizations. These bodies are treaty obligations under the Nunavut land claims agreement and are essential for wildlife management and environmental reviews. Inadequate funding issues did change in March 2025 when Canada signed a renewed 10-year Nunavut agreement implementation contract, providing $1.5 billion through 2034, plus $77.6 million annually thereafter. That includes 39% more for the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board and 169% for hunters and trappers organizations and regional wildlife organizations, with annual budgets now indexed for inflation. There is lots more to say on this topic, and I will certainly be continuing to engage with the member on this important issue.

Mr. Speaker, I thank the member for Saanich—Gulf Islands for asking about Canada's role in affirming Arctic sovereignty and appropriately citing the role of Arctic indigenous residents in protecting it. I am grateful for her sharing the article, which was also sent to me by a constituent of mine. I thank Karen. I think this is a reflection of how invested northerners are in Arctic sovereignty and Arctic security. Indeed, the member is correct in reminding us that Canada's sovereignty in the Arctic has always and should always depend on the presence and stewardship of Inuit Nunangat, northern first nations and all northern peoples. As it happens, the foreign affairs committee is currently conducting a study on Arctic sovereignty, and I was able to participate in asking questions of the panel last week. In that time, I pointed out many areas where Arctic leaders and residents are taking the lead on Arctic defence, security and sovereignty, including with the upcoming Arctic summit in February 2026 in Whitehorse, which will bring together leaders from northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland to discuss Arctic security, infrastructure and economic development. It is hosted by the Whitehorse Chamber of Commerce and the Government of Yukon. As I said at committee, what leaders throughout the Arctic expressed is that they are here to partner with Canada in defining their sovereignty and protecting the Arctic from external threats, including climate-related environmental degradation and geopolitical threats. Looking specifically at Nunavut through modern land claim agreements, Inuit governments manage vast lands and coastlines across Inuit Nunangat. The co-developed Inuit Nunangat policy ensures that every federal program and service in the region supports Inuit prosperity and self-determination. It is guided by a simple principle: nothing about us without us. That same co-development approach is foundational to the Arctic and northern policy framework. Our government's defence policy update, “Our North, Strong and Free”, recognizes that the Arctic is warming at four times the global average. Melting sea ice has opened up new shipping routes and attracted foreign interest. Climate threats are as pressing as geopolitical security threats. That is why our new government has made defending the Arctic one of Canada's highest national priorities by increasing our presence, sharpening our awareness and strengthening our ability to respond. We are modernizing our defence with Arctic and polar over-the-horizon sensors and enhanced undersea detection, delivering earlier warning, better tracking and faster response to any threats to Canada's north. We are also growing a persistent, visible presence at sea. The Harry DeWolf-class Arctic and offshore patrol ships are now operating each summer navigation season. Canada has also awarded contracts to two new polar icebreakers to ensure access to the High Arctic. Operating together, they will ensure continuous icebreaker function in the region, which is in collaboration with Finland. I was grateful to have the opportunity recently to meet with the Canadian ambassador to Finland to learn how this project is already revitalizing shipbuilding in Helsinki. Members of the Canadian Rangers, drawn from northern communities, continue to patrol, mentor and support operations across the north. Under “Our North, Strong and Free”, we are enhancing their equipment and mobility so they can do even more of what they do best: local leadership on the land and rapid support to civil authorities for search and rescue and emergency response. There is so much more to tell, and I again thank the member for Saanich—Gulf Islands for citing the article and raising the issue. In partnership with indigenous and territorial governments, and indeed all who live in the Arctic, we must continue to protect and define Canada's sovereignty so that the Arctic remains peaceful, secure and protected.

Mr. Speaker, I am glad to have the chance to return some of the compliments. It would obviously take much more than a minute to return much of the esteem I have for the member for Saanich—Gulf Islands and her leadership on climate action for many years, as well as on so many other parliamentary issues. Arctic security and sovereignty are matters for all parties, all levels of government and the people who live across the Arctic. Regional and local engagement to integrate the perspectives and priorities of northerners will be central to unlocking economic potential across the north. We need to continue to work together so that we can keep the Northwest Passage safe through preparedness, strong partnership and persistent patrols.

Mr. Speaker, we do indeed recognize the hardships faced by Inuit and by all residents in Nunavut and indeed across the north, where the cost of food and the cost of basic necessities continue to pose real challenges, particularly for families. In Nunavut alone, 42% of children live in poverty. That is the highest rate in Canada. I know that behind these statistics are real lives and real struggles. Just this past weekend, I had the good fortune to travel to Old Crow, mainly on the theme of the devastating loss of Chinook and chum salmon in the Porcupine River, part of the Yukon River system. In addition to the effect that has on the community's food supply, it also means significant losses over the decades to the culture and the very identity and heritage of the Gwich’in people. There is much work to do there together to restore the salmon to even a fraction of its former abundance. While there, we also visited the local co-op store and had a chance to see some of the high food prices, even with the northern food subsidy that is applied to a variety of foods there. Everything in Old Crow has to be flown in. This is one more example where addressing food insecurity takes concerted effort and collaboration among indigenous partners, all governments, self-governing first nations and the Government of Canada. Our government is addressing food insecurity in the north through nutrition north Canada, which includes retail subsidies, the harvesters support grant and the community food programs fund, as well as the Inuit child first initiative, which my colleague referred to. Each has a distinct role in supporting food security and family well-being in Inuit communities. Nutrition north Canada's subsidy helps lower the price of food and essential items. Last year, the program's retail subsidy was just under $145 million. It increases by roughly 5% annually. To better meet the needs of northerners, in February 2025, Aluki Kotierk was appointed as the minister's special representative to lead a review of NNC and produce a report. Her report will be really important to inform reforms to the program. To inform the review, retailers, suppliers, local growers, food producers and charitable organizations participating must show how the subsidy reduces costs for consumers. The harvesters support grant is another way that food security is being addressed. It supports traditional hunting, harvesting and food-sharing activities in isolated communities while reinforcing cultural practices. This is about food autonomy and food security. Wherever I go in the north, the harvesters support grant receives a lot of positive feedback, and I believe that there are many more communities that could benefit from it. There is a lot to describe. I will conclude for now by saying that while progress has been made, we recognize that a lot more needs to be done to address systemic challenges in the north. We remain committed to working with Inuit, territorial and community partners to build lasting and locally driven solutions.

Mr. Speaker, I appreciate this member's advocacy for the people of Nunavut and, indeed, for the people across the north. I reaffirm this government's commitment to address food insecurity in northern communities on a priority basis. Programs like nutrition north Canada, the harvesters support grant and the community food programs fund, as well as the Inuit child first initiative, provide essential, much-needed support to children, families and individuals in the north. We will continue working with Inuit, indigenous, territorial and other partners to improve existing services and develop new ones that are viable and culturally appropriate solutions for families in the north. We will measure our progress not by the dollars committed, but by the ability of every child to thrive, learn and dream without the burden of high food costs and hunger.

Mr. Speaker, it is with immense northern pride that I congratulate L'Aurore boréale for being named newspaper of the year at the 2025 francophone press awards of excellence in September. This tremendous honour clearly shows the heart and soul that the newspaper puts into every issue. L'Aurore boréale was also recognized for its magnificent bilingual digital project entitled "The Yukon Celebrates its 125th anniversary", produced in collaboration with the Yukon francophone historical society. This project pays tribute to the rich and resilient history of Yukon's francophone community. The newspaper also won the award of excellence for its digital presence for the third year in a row. To all those who contribute to this remarkable publication, I say bravo and thank you. They make the Yukon proud. May L'Aurore boréale continue to inspire, inform, and unite for many years to come.

Mr. Speaker, I wish to acknowledge first of all, with respect, that we are gathered on the ancestral lands of the Algonquin Anishinabe people, and that these territories, unceded and unsurrendered, have been a place of meeting and exchange for centuries. I am pleased to speak today to the proposed legislation to establish a commissioner for modern treaty implementation and what the next steps in the process would be. The bill is a priority for each modern treaty nation in the Yukon, and I am pleased to say that we have in the Yukon 11 self-governing nations with modern treaties. The proposed legislation is timely, even on its reintroduction, because we should be reminded that the bill was introduced a year ago as Bill C-77 and died with prorogation. The need, though, is even more pressing now than before. The world is changing. Canada needs to be ready, and that means building an economy that can withstand whatever comes our way. We are doing that by creating more space and opportunities for indigenous leadership, innovation and economic inclusion. The rights and collaboration of modern treaty partners are top of mind in all this work, so the bill represents a meaningful step forward in the Government of Canada's commitment to reconciliation and to the full and fair implementation of modern treaties. Modern treaties are not just legal documents; they are foundational agreements that affirm indigenous rights, support self-government and build a framework for respectful nation-to-nation relationships, and they must be honoured with both word and action. Setting up and rolling out the commissioner's office and making sure it works well are key. The next steps in how we build this office would shape the trust, effectiveness and lasting relationships needed to keep Canada's modern treaty promises. My colleagues have highlighted the ways in which we have worked with modern treaty partners to codevelop Canada's collaborative modern treaty implementation policy, as well as an independent oversight body and the role of a commissioner tasked with holding Canada accountable for the implementation of modern treaties, and to shine a light on how federal programs and policies are or are not supporting their implementation. The bill is about more than oversight, though; it is about trust. It is about ensuring that the commitments made in modern treaties are not only respected but also actively upheld with transparency, with accountability and with the full weight of Parliament behind them. This is especially important to the Yukon, where, as I stated, 11 of the 14 first nations have signed modern treaties and self-government agreements. Even in the Yukon, challenges persist when it comes to federal implementation. Too often, progress is slowed, and the bill would respond directly to those concerns. We have worked closely with indigenous partners every step of the way to determine next steps. Codeveloping the proposal and legislation together was essential, not only to create a mutually agreed-upon process but also as a reflection of what Yukon first nations and others have long called for: a dedicated independent body to ensure that Canada lives up to the spirit and intent of its treaty processes, and a meaningful part of our journey toward reconciliation. As we go forward, the collaboration would continue. Given the importance of the proposed new role, the appointed commissioner must have the confidence of both Parliament and modern treaty partners. That is why the appointment process would include direct consultation with modern treaty partners, going beyond the usual steps for other agents of Parliament. After receiving the recommendation from the minister following consultations, the Governor in Council would consult with the leader of every recognized party in the Senate and in the House of Commons. It would then seek the approval of the appointment by resolution of the Senate and the House of Commons. Once this is complete, the commissioner would be appointed under the Great Seal. The steps I have outlined today are extensive and robust, and this is by design. These steps have been specifically requested by modern treaty partners to cement the credibility of the commissioner. These steps are in line with the appointment process for all other agents of Parliament, with the addition of the consultation of modern treaty partners. Once the proposed appointment process happens, the next step would be standing up the commissioner's office. The commissioner would have the discretion to design and operationalize their office as they see fit. This step in the process would include the designation of the location of the head office by the Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations. In engagement sessions, modern treaty partners asked for confirmation of funding to support the commissioner. It is integral that commissioners would be appropriately funded to carry out their work and mandate. Once fully operational, the commissioner and their office would begin working to fulfill the mandate in the proposed bill by conducting reviews and/or performance audits of any activity carried out by the Government of Canada that relates to modern treaty implementation. The commissioner would determine the procedures, terms and methodology to be followed for each review or performance audit, after engaging with the relevant modern treaty partners. Consistent with other agents of Parliament, all final reports of reviews and performance audits would be submitted directly to the Speakers of both Houses of Parliament for tabling. It is anticipated that the commissioner would complete their first audit or review report in the third year of the office's operation and would continue to complete reports of reviews or performance audits in subsequent years. Additionally, each calendar year, the commissioner would be required to prepare an annual report to Parliament. The annual report would be provided to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, who would submit it the Speakers of both Houses of Parliament for tabling. This is intended to give Parliament a direct line of sight into the operations of the commissioner and their office in the same way as with other agents of Parliament. The work of the commissioner and the processes I have just shared have been specifically designed to, first and foremost, provide credibility, transparency and independence for the commissioner and their office. I hope the summary of the next steps, including the appointment of the commissioner, the standing up of their office and the completion of their first reports, has shed some light on our plan as we go forward. Before I conclude, I want to highlight how important codevelopment has been in working and in moving the initiative forward, and I want to stress how vital it is to keep working closely with indigenous partners as the legislation moves ahead. As former AFN Yukon regional chief Kluane Adamek has said, The creation of a Modern Treaty Commissioner marks a step forward in honouring the commitments Canada has made to First Nations and upholding the spirit and intent of these agreements. I commend the parties for this important work and strongly urge the Government of Canada to take all measures necessary to ensure this body is fully independent, adequately supported and resourced, and has the necessary powers to effectively fulfill its mandate. The new role would create a significant shift in Crown-indigenous modern treaty relationships so that future governments are held accountable to Parliament for our modern treaty relationships, objectives and obligations. It is essential to establish the commissioner's office with care and transparency, working closely alongside modern treaty partners. Doing this would help build trust so that the office can effectively carry out its important mandate. Getting it right means honouring the promises made and strengthening relationships based on respect and partnership. We are hopeful that this important and transformative step will help Canada become a better modern treaty partner, one that is more trustworthy, accountable and transparent in its modern treaty relationships. Meegwetch, qujannamiik, gunałchéesh, shä̀w níthän, sógá sénlá’, marsi cho.

Mr. Speaker, that is an important question. Modern treaty partners across the country are looking forward to the passage of the bill. It is important, as it is a way to ensure that there would be accountability. They have been let down many times by many governments on the implementation of modern treaties. We all stand to be accountable for implementation of modern treaties, including the signing of modern treaties as we go forward. This would be the role of the modern treaty commissioner.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank the hon. Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations for his tireless work on this file, including during the last Parliament, and for his advocacy. The piece of legislation before us is an incredibly important one for Yukon first nations. I have heard repeatedly, in my four-plus years of holding the privileged position as a member of Parliament, from every self-governing first nation, about how important it is, not just for the position of commissioner but for robust and timely implementation of treaties. This is ongoing work in progress. It is often frustratingly slow from their point of view. However, we are making progress. We need to continue to be held accountable and to commit, for whatever government, as we look forward in the decades to come, is in power, to ensuring that the commitment is sustainable and is sustained.

Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my colleague for her excellent speech and her commitment to seeing the legislation supported and passed. I am a little distressed by what I heard from some of my Conservative friends, who have called the bill a distraction. Perhaps they do not realize that this has been called for over many years, really going back to the beginning of modern treaty nations, and that this is codeveloped legislation. Could my colleague comment on whether she sees the bill as a distraction or whether she sees it as a key to economic development and a link to some of our other major pieces of legislation?

Mr. Speaker, when former senator Ione Christensen departed this world on September 15, the Yukon lost one of its best-loved leaders. A fourth-generation Yukoner, Ione's accomplishments are legion: first woman mayor of Whitehorse, first female commissioner of the Yukon and the first Yukon woman appointed to the Senate. Beyond her political life, Ione loved the Yukon outdoors, rafting and hiking the waterways and trails of the territory, including the historic Chilkoot Trail, which she hiked over 20 times in the footsteps of her great-grandfather's first entry to the Yukon in 1897. That same great-grandfather carried over the Chilkoot Pass a small sack of sourdough passed on through generations and nurtured religiously by Ione through many a family Sunday pancake breakfast. The sourdough also thrives in the households of hundreds of grateful Yukoners. Just this weekend, I baked a couple of loaves in which I can truly say the spirit of Ione lives on. Before her passing, I asked Ione for advice for our leaders. “Hang in there”, she whispered. We owe Ione no less an honour than to hang in there and stand up for Canada.

Mr. Speaker, today I rise to honour the exceptional achievements of all Yukon graduates from across the territory. I congratulate them. They worked incredibly hard and took on every challenge with courage and determination. They have met the challenges of troubled times. They have shown determination and readiness to contribute to our territory and to our nation. Their academic journey reflects not only their perseverance, but also the collective commitment of Yukon educators, families and communities that invest in their future. It really takes a village. As the grads move ahead towards college, starting a new job, travelling the world or pursuing something completely new, they are shaping the Yukon's future. Let us celebrate their achievements and all the possibilities ahead. Congratulations to all Yukon grads.